Azerbaijan's culture represents a unique blend of Eastern and Western influences, reflecting its position at the crossroads of Europe and Asia. The country's rich cultural heritage has been shaped by various civilizations throughout history.

Azerbaijani cultural identity is defined by several key elements:

• Mugham tradition: A classical music form recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Performances often combine vocal art with poetry and musical improvisation.
• Carpet weaving: An ancient art form with regional styles reflecting different areas of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani carpets are renowned worldwide and represent an important cultural symbol.
• Literature and poetry: Azerbaijan has a rich literary tradition, including works by poets like Nizami Ganjavi and Fuzuli, whose contributions span centuries.
• Traditional celebrations: Novruz (spring equinox) is the most important holiday, celebrating the new year with special foods, customs, and family gatherings.

Azerbaijani music includes not only mugham but also ashiq art (a traditional performance combining poetry, storytelling, dance, and music) and a variety of folk music traditions. The tar (a long-necked lute) and kamancha (a bowed string instrument) are among the most important traditional instruments.

Azerbaijani cuisine features a variety of dishes reflecting the country's agricultural abundance:

• Plov (pilaf): Rice-based dish with various meats, herbs, dried fruits, and spices
• Dolma: Stuffed vegetables (grape leaves, peppers, tomatoes, eggplants) filled with minced meat and rice
• Kebabs: Various grilled meats including lula kebab (ground meat) and tika kebab (chunks of meat)
• Qutab: Thin flatbreads filled with greens, meat, or pumpkin

Azerbaijan has invested significantly in preserving and promoting its cultural heritage, with numerous museums, cultural centers, and festivals throughout the country. The Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, designed by architect Zaha Hadid, represents the country's commitment to blending traditional cultural elements with modern artistic expression.

Azerbaijan offers visitors a fascinating mix of ancient history, natural wonders, and ultramodern architecture. From the shores of the Caspian Sea to the peaks of the Caucasus Mountains, the country presents diverse landscapes and experiences.

Here are some of Azerbaijan's most impressive attractions:

Baku Old City (Icherisheher): A UNESCO World Heritage site enclosed within ancient fortress walls. Home to the iconic Maiden Tower, the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, and numerous historic mosques, baths, and caravanserais.

Flame Towers: These three flame-shaped skyscrapers have become the modern symbol of Baku. At night, the towers' LED displays create the effect of flames dancing across the city skyline.

Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape: Another UNESCO site featuring over 6,000 rock carvings dating back 40,000 years. The adjacent mud volcanoes offer a unique natural phenomenon.

Sheki Khan's Palace: An exquisite 18th-century summer palace featuring intricate decorations and colorful stained glass work (shebeke) made without nails or glue. The historic center of Sheki is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Yanardag (Burning Mountain): A natural gas fire which burns continuously on a hillside, creating the impression of a "burning mountain." This natural phenomenon has been blazing for centuries.

Azerbaijan has invested significantly in modernizing its transportation infrastructure. Various options are available for traveling within the country:

• Baku Metro: The capital city's underground system is clean, efficient, and continually expanding. Signs are in Azerbaijani, English, and Russian.
• Buses and Minibuses: An extensive network of buses serves Baku and intercity routes. The BakuCard system allows for electronic payments on public transportation in the capital.
• Taxis and Ride-Sharing: Taxis are plentiful in major cities. Apps like Bolt and local services like Uber are widely available. Negotiate fares before departure with traditional taxis.
• Railways: Azerbaijan Railways operates domestic services between major cities. The Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway provides international connections to Georgia and Turkey.
• Car Rentals: International and local car rental agencies operate in Azerbaijan. Roads are generally good in and around major cities, but can be challenging in remote areas.

Note: The Caspian Sea provides maritime connections to other Caspian littoral states, with ferries operating between Baku and ports in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Russia, though schedules can be irregular.

Azerbaijan has several international airports, with the main gateway being in the capital city:

• Heydar Aliyev International Airport (GYD): Located approximately 20 km northeast of Baku, this modern facility serves as the main international gateway to Azerbaijan. The airport underwent major renovations in 2014 and features award-winning architecture.
• Ganja International Airport (KVD): Serving Azerbaijan's second-largest city, this airport handles both domestic and some international flights, primarily to Russia and Turkey.
• Nakhchivan International Airport (NAJ): Located in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, an exclave separated from the rest of Azerbaijan, this airport provides crucial air links to the region.
• Lankaran International Airport (LLK): Serving the southern region of Azerbaijan near the Iranian border.
• Gabala International Airport (GBB): Located near the popular mountain resort town of Gabala, serving seasonal charter flights and some scheduled services.

Azerbaijan Airlines (AZAL) is the national carrier, operating flights to destinations across Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. Various international airlines also serve Heydar Aliyev International Airport, connecting Azerbaijan to major global hubs.

Airport Transportation: Buses, official airport taxis, and ride-sharing services connect Heydar Aliyev International Airport with Baku city center. The journey takes approximately 30-40 minutes depending on traffic.

Azerbaijan has simplified its visa process in recent years with the introduction of the ASAN Visa system, making it easier for tourists to visit the country.

Visa options for visiting Azerbaijan include:

• eVisa through ASAN Visa portal (most common for tourists)
• Visa on arrival (available at international airports for some nationalities)
• Traditional visa through Azerbaijani embassies and consulates
• Transit visa for those passing through Azerbaijan

ASAN Visa Process: The electronic visa system allows citizens of most countries to obtain a visa online within 3 business days (standard service) or within 3 hours (urgent service). The application requires a valid passport, travel dates, accommodation details, and payment of visa fees.

Travel Restrictions by Nationality

The following table provides general information about visa requirements for entering Azerbaijan:

Country/Region	Visa Requirement	Notes
CIS Countries (Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan)	Visa Free	Can enter with valid passport, typically up to 90 days
Georgia, Turkey	Visa Free	Can enter with valid passport for limited stays
EU Countries, USA, UK, Canada, Japan, China, UAE, etc.	eVisa Required	Must apply through ASAN Visa portal before travel
Most African and some Asian Countries	Visa Required	Must apply through Azerbaijani embassy/consulate
Armenia	Entry Restricted	Due to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, special restrictions apply

Important Notes:

• Visitors who have previously visited the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region without proper authorization from Azerbaijan may be denied entry or face legal consequences.
• Armenian citizens or those of Armenian descent may face difficulties entering Azerbaijan due to the ongoing conflict.
• Registration is required for stays exceeding 15 days, which can be done through the State Migration Service.

Entry Requirements: In addition to visa requirements, visitors should ensure they have a passport valid for at least 6 months beyond their planned departure date, proof of accommodation, and potentially proof of sufficient funds for their stay.