Brunei's culture is deeply shaped by Islamic principles, Malay traditions, and the institution of the Sultanate. As an Islamic monarchy, the country's national philosophy is "Melayu Islam Beraja" (Malay Islamic Monarchy), which guides many aspects of daily life and governance.

Key elements of Bruneian culture include:

• Royal traditions: The Sultan holds a revered position in Bruneian society as both head of state and religious leader. Royal ceremonies and celebrations are important cultural events, particularly during National Day and the Sultan's birthday.
• Islamic practices: Islam is the official religion, with about two-thirds of the population being Muslim. Religious observances like the five daily prayers, fasting during Ramadan, and Islamic holidays are central to Bruneian life.
• Traditional arts: Brunei has rich traditions in silverware, brassware, weaving (particularly the Jong Sarat textile), wood carving, and boat building. The Royal Regalia Museum displays many fine examples of these crafts.
• Architecture: Islamic architecture is prominent, with magnificent mosques like Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque and Jame'Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque. Traditional Malay wooden houses on stilts can still be seen in Kampong Ayer water village.

While Brunei maintains strong Islamic values, it also embraces multiculturalism with significant Chinese and indigenous communities contributing to the country's cultural fabric. Various festivals including Chinese New Year, Hari Raya (Eid), and the Royal Brunei Armed Forces Day are celebrated throughout the year.

Bruneian cuisine reflects the country's Malay heritage with influences from neighboring regions:

• Ambuyat: The national dish, made from sago starch and eaten with a bamboo fork called candas, usually accompanied by a variety of side dishes
• Nasi Katok: A simple but popular meal consisting of rice, fried chicken, and spicy sauce, sold at an affordable price throughout the country
• Beef Rendang: Meat slow-cooked in coconut milk and spices
• Kelupis: Glutinous rice wrapped in nyirik leaves, a traditional festive food
• Kuih: Various traditional sweet and savory snacks popular at markets and celebrations

An important aspect of Bruneian culture is the absence of alcohol, which is prohibited under Sharia law. Brunei implements a "dry" policy where alcohol is not sold, though non-Muslims are permitted to bring in limited amounts for personal consumption.

Brunei offers visitors a unique glimpse into a prosperous Islamic monarchy with well-preserved cultural traditions, impressive architecture, and pristine rainforests. While it's a small country, Brunei has several notable attractions worth exploring.

Here are some of Brunei's most impressive sites:

Omar Ali Saifuddien Mosque: Often considered one of the most beautiful mosques in Asia, this architectural masterpiece features a golden dome, marble minarets, and an artificial lagoon with a replica of a 16th-century royal barge. Its reflection in the surrounding lagoon makes for stunning photography.

Kampong Ayer: The world's largest water village, where thousands of people live in houses built on stilts over the Brunei River. Often called the "Venice of the East," this network of wooden boardwalks, water taxis, and traditional homes offers a glimpse into a unique way of life that has existed for over 1,000 years.

Ulu Temburong National Park: Covering about 550 square kilometers of pristine rainforest in Brunei's Temburong district, this park allows visitors to experience Borneo's biodiversity. The canopy walkway provides spectacular views of the jungle canopy and the chance to spot wildlife.

Royal Regalia Museum: Housing an impressive collection of royal artifacts, gifts from world leaders, and items used during the Sultan's coronation, this museum offers insight into the wealth and traditions of the Brunei monarchy. The centerpiece is a replica of the throne used during the coronation.

Jame'Asr Hassanil Bolkiah Mosque: Built to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Sultan's reign, this is Brunei's largest mosque with 29 golden domes. The mosque can accommodate 5,000 worshippers and features impressive gardens and interior decoration.

Transportation in Brunei is primarily road-based, with well-maintained highways connecting major areas. The country's small size makes it easy to get around, though public transportation options are somewhat limited.

• Taxis: Available in major areas, particularly in Bandar Seri Begawan. Taxis in Brunei typically do not use meters, so it's advisable to negotiate the fare before starting your journey. Booking through hotels is often the most convenient option.
• Car Rental: A popular option for visitors who want flexibility. Brunei has well-maintained roads, and driving is on the left side. International driving permits are recognized. Major international and local car rental companies operate in Brunei.
• Buses: The public bus system primarily serves Bandar Seri Begawan and its surrounding areas. Services are limited, especially in the evenings and on weekends. The purple buses are the most common form of public transportation.
• Water Taxis: An essential mode of transport for visiting Kampong Ayer water village and traveling along the Brunei River. These small boats (penambang) can be hired from various jetties along the waterfront in Bandar Seri Begawan.
• Tour Services: Many tourists opt for organized tours that include transportation, especially for visiting Ulu Temburong National Park, which requires boat transfers and guided walks.

Note: Brunei does not have a rail network, and public transportation is less developed compared to neighboring countries like Singapore or Malaysia. Having a planned itinerary and accommodation in central locations is helpful for making the most of your visit.

Water and Land Border Crossings: Brunei shares land borders with Malaysia (Sarawak state), with the main crossings at Sungai Tujuh (connecting to Miri, Malaysia) and Kuala Lurah (connecting to Limbang, Malaysia). Ferry services also connect Brunei to Limbang and Lawas in Malaysia.

Brunei has one main international airport serving the country:

• Brunei International Airport (BWN): Located in Berakas, about 8 kilometers from the capital city of Bandar Seri Begawan, this is the country's primary gateway. The airport underwent major renovations in 2014, resulting in a modern terminal with increased capacity.

Airlines and Destinations: Royal Brunei Airlines is the national carrier, offering flights to destinations in Southeast Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, Australia, and London. Other airlines serving Brunei include Malaysia Airlines, Singapore Airlines, AirAsia, and Cebu Pacific, connecting Brunei to various regional destinations.

Airport Facilities: The airport offers modern amenities including duty-free shopping, dining options, prayer rooms, currency exchange services, and free Wi-Fi. The terminal is compact and easy to navigate, with efficient immigration and customs procedures.

Airport Transport: The airport is connected to Bandar Seri Begawan and other parts of Brunei by:

• Taxis: Available outside the arrival hall, offering fixed rates to different destinations
• Car Rental: Several car rental companies have counters at the airport
• Airport Shuttle: Some hotels provide shuttle services for their guests
• Public Bus: Limited public bus services connect the airport to the city center

Note: Brunei's compact size means that the airport is rarely more than a 30-minute drive from most tourist destinations in the Brunei-Muara district, where most visitors stay.

Brunei has a relatively straightforward visa policy, with many nationalities eligible for visa-free entry or visa on arrival. This makes it fairly accessible for tourists, particularly those combining a visit to Brunei with travel to neighboring Malaysia or Singapore.

Key information for travelers to Brunei:

• Passport validity: Your passport should be valid for at least 6 months beyond your planned departure date from Brunei.
• Length of stay: Visa-free and visa-on-arrival entries typically permit stays of 14, 30, or 90 days, depending on nationality.
• Proof of onward travel: Immigration may request evidence of your plans to leave Brunei before your visa expires, such as a return or onward ticket.
• Visa extensions: Possible in some cases by applying at the Immigration Department in Bandar Seri Begawan.

Travel Restrictions by Nationality

The following table provides general information about entry requirements for Brunei:

Country/Region	Entry Requirement	Duration of Stay
ASEAN Countries (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, etc.)	Visa Free	14 days (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand); 30 days (other ASEAN)
USA, UK, EU Countries, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Korea	Visa Free	90 days
China, Taiwan, India	Visa on Arrival	14 days (extendable)
Most African and some Middle Eastern Countries	Visa Required	Varies by visa type

Important cultural considerations:

• Brunei is a conservative Islamic country where Sharia law applies to Muslims (and some aspects apply to non-Muslims)
• Dress modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites or government buildings
• Alcohol is not sold in Brunei, though non-Muslims may bring in limited amounts for personal consumption
• During Ramadan, be respectful by not eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours
• Public displays of affection should be avoided

Best time to visit: Brunei has a tropical climate with warm temperatures year-round. The relatively drier period from February to April is generally considered the best time to visit, though rain can occur at any time of year.

Health and Safety: Brunei is generally a very safe country with low crime rates. Basic health precautions for tropical destinations are advisable, including protection against mosquito bites. Medical facilities in Brunei are good, though comprehensive travel insurance is recommended.